Candles are a timeless and prevalent lighting tool that has significantly influenced human history for thousands of years. Their role extends beyond mere illumination, serving as symbols of culture, and progress throughout various civilizations.

The origins of candles cannot be attributed to a single country or region. Instead, candles were independently developed by different cultures across various stages of human history.

The earliest evidence of candle-like objects dates back to ancient Egypt around 3000 BC. In Egypt, people used wicks made from reeds or papyrus, dipped in animal fat, which were then lit for illumination. These early "candles" differed somewhat from the modern ones, resembling more primitive burning torches.

Similarly, in ancient Rome, the design of candles evolved into a form more familiar to us today. Romans began using wick candles made from beeswax or tallow. These candles were employed to light homes, temples, and public spaces. Ancient Rome can thus be credited as one of the first civilizations to regularly use candles as a lighting source.

In China, the tradition of candle use also has a long history. The origins of Chinese candle culture can be traced back to the Han Dynasty ( from 206 B.C. to 220 A.D.). During this period, candles were primarily crafted from plant wax or insect wax.

The ancient Chinese utilized candles not only for lighting but also for ceremonies, celebrations, and rituals. Candles held significant cultural symbolism. For instance, during traditional festivals such as the Spring Festival, lighting candles symbolized blessings and protection from evil.

Additionally, candles played a crucial role in illuminating writing and painting activities, particularly in cultural events held at night, where their light provided a valuable source of illumination.

The candle-making technology saw considerable advancement in medieval Europe. During this era, candles were predominantly made from animal fat. As society progressed, the production process became more sophisticated and intricate.

In churches and ceremonies, candles began to be regarded as sacred symbols, representing light and hope. European candle makers improved the quality and longevity of candles through continuous refinements in production techniques. By this period, candles had evolved from mere lighting tools to luxury items symbolizing status and wealth.

The mid-19th century saw a major transformation in the candle industry with the invention and popularization of paraffin. Paraffin, a byproduct of petroleum, proved to be a game-changer. It was more affordable than animal fat and burned without smoke or odour, establishing itself as the primary raw material for modern candles.

Although the invention of candles cannot be ascribed to any single nation, it is clear that the development and proliferation of candles are intricately linked to the progress of civilizations worldwide. Ancient Egypt, Rome, China, and medieval Europe each contributed significantly to the evolution and use of candles. The candle-making techniques and usage practices from these regions exhibited unique characteristics, collectively advancing the development of candles.

Today, candles serve not only as sources of light but also as cultural symbols. Their soft and warm glow illuminates the night and touches people's hearts, conveying feelings of hope and tranquillity.