Sunscreens help protect the skin by blocking ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can cause sunburn and increase the risk of skin cancer.

While no sunscreen provides 100% protection from UV rays, it extends the time you can spend outdoors before your skin begins to redden.

However, using sunscreen does not mean you can stay in the sun indefinitely. Skin damage still occurs over time, even with protection.

What Does Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Mean?

Most skin cancers are linked to excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) on a sunscreen label indicates how effectively the sunscreen protects against UV radiation. As the SPF number increases, the level of protection from sunburn improves.

While higher SPF values offer more protection, no sunscreen can block all UV rays. It's important to remember that sunscreen doesn’t grant unlimited sun exposure—skin damage can still occur over time.

How to Select a Sunscreen

To choose an effective sunscreen, look for the following features:

Broad-spectrum protection: This protects against both UVA and UVB rays.

SPF of 30 or higher: SPF 30 or greater provides strong protection.

Water resistance or waterproof: These sunscreens remain effective during activities like swimming or sweating for either 40 or 80 minutes, depending on the label.

The best sunscreen is one that offers these features. The specific type or brand you use is a personal choice, as sunscreens come in various forms, such as lotions, creams, gels, ointments, wax sticks, and sprays. However, be mindful of ingredients, as some may irritate your skin.

How to Apply Sunscreen

Here are some key tips for proper application:

Cover all exposed skin: Apply sunscreen to every area not covered by clothing.

Use at least 1 ounce: This is roughly the amount needed to fill a shot glass and should cover your entire body. You may need more or less depending on your body size and hair.

Apply 15-30 minutes before sun exposure: This allows the sunscreen to be absorbed and start working.

Reapply every 2 hours: Reapply sunscreen more often if you’ve been swimming or sweating.

Protect your lips: Use a lip balm or lipstick with an SPF of 30 or higher.

Sunscreen for Children

Children also need sun protection. Sunscreens are recommended for anyone over 6 months of age. For babies younger than 6 months, the American Academy of Pediatrics advises using sunscreen only when adequate clothing and shade aren’t available.

Parents should try to keep babies out of direct sunlight as much as possible, dressing them in lightweight, protective clothing. A small amount of sunscreen can be applied to exposed areas, like the face and hands.

Don’t Rely on Sunscreen Alone

While sunscreen is essential for sun protection, it’s just one part of an overall strategy to safeguard your skin from UV damage. Other important steps include:

Seek shade: Limit sun exposure, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when UV rays are strongest.

Wear protective clothing: Choose a wide-brimmed hat, tightly woven clothing, and sunglasses to further shield your skin.

Avoid tanning beds: Do not use tanning beds or sunlamps, which can increase your risk of skin damage.

By combining sunscreen with these additional protective measures, you can significantly reduce your risk of skin damage from UV radiation!